[mpeg-OTspec] Re: Proposed mandatory and optional features of the Composite Font format

[Daniel Strebe]

Mikhail and colleagues:

1.      A font contains a glyph with the digital signature of an approval manager. The composite font author intent is to create a recipe that will only use this font if the digital signature matches. If the recipe reader is unable to verify the digital signature, the recipe author wants to indicate to all such readers to skip this particular font entry.

I do not see this as any different than (3). Why is the creator responsible for the consumer’s decision about whether or not to use a font whose digital signature does not match? The presence of the signature already states the creator’s intent. Marking the signature as a mandatory attribute for reconstructing the composite font is redundant and prone to being ignored by those who do not see any reason to be bound by the creator’s fiat, particularly since the consumer has no way to discern the reason for the fiat. All such a flag does is say, “Trust me on this: You don’t want to use this font unless you can follow all my rules exactly.” To which the consumer replies, “Maybe. Maybe not.”

2.      A font vendor released multiple versions of the same font, and some of the versions contained politically sensitive characters. The composite font author intent is to direct all readers of this particular font version to map specific characters differently if certain font versions are encountered. For consumers that are unable to interpret font versions altogether, the author wants to indicate that particular font entries must be skipped.

The creator has expressed its intent in the recipe; that is where its responsibility ends. Whether the politically sensitive glyphs are any concern of the consumer is something only the consumer knows. Consumers within a jurisdiction that has politicized glyphs already know the issues and ultimately are responsible for what they render. Consumers outside those jurisdictions do not care. A jurisdiction is not going to hold a creator responsible for a consumer’s failure.

3.      A font family with the same name was released by multiple manufacturers. The composite font author intent is to create a recipe that will only use the font released from a particular vendor, otherwise the font should not be used. For composite font readers that are unable to extract the manufacturer name, the intent is to err on the side of caution and not to use the font entry.

Then the consumer is left with no font. How is that better than a font that may not exactly express the intent of the creator? While the creator may know there are extant fonts of the same name from multiple vendors (or maybe there aren’t, but the creator just wants to mark everything mandatory anyway), how does the creator in any position to know that the differences are relevant to the consumer? Is not erring on the side of caution the prerogative of the consumer?

The issue of the minimum valid composite font is also interesting. Given that component fonts may not be present on the target system, it looks like the consumer already has to deal with the situation when a composite font doesn’t cover even a single character. In this case, the mandatory rule 4 doesn’t provide much value, and perhaps we should consider empty composite fonts valid as well.

A composite font with no components does not express any useful intent. Does it? The question of whether an element in a composite font recipe should be mandatory has nothing to do with a consumer’s capabilities. It has only to do with expressing the semantics of the intent.

Regards,

- daan Strebe
Senior Computer Scientist
Adobe Systems Incorporated


On 09/08/05 16:23, "Mikhail Leonov" <mleonov at microsoft.com> wrote:

Daan, Ken, and others,
Thanks for your feedback so far!

I would like to clarify the purpose of “mandatory unknown” attributes.

Unlike “optional unknown” attributes, they are meant to be used by the creator to clarify their intent in specific and sensitive cases.
Consider these examples:
1.      A font contains a glyph with the digital signature of an approval manager. The composite font author intent is to create a recipe that will only use this font if the digital signature matches. If the recipe reader is unable to verify the digital signature, the recipe author wants to indicate to all such readers to skip this particular font entry.

2.      A font vendor released multiple versions of the same font, and some of the versions contained politically sensitive characters. The composite font author intent is to direct all readers of this particular font version to map specific characters differently if certain font versions are encountered. For consumers that are unable to interpret font versions altogether, the author wants to indicate that particular font entries must be skipped.

3.      A font family with the same name was released by multiple manufacturers. The composite font author intent is to create a recipe that will only use the font released from a particular vendor, otherwise the font should not be used. For composite font readers that are unable to extract the manufacturer name, the intent is to err on the side of caution and not to use the font entry.


In other words, “mandatory unknown” attributes are meant to be more of an exception that a rule. I believe they are a necessary tool for composite font author to indicate very sensitive parts of the recipe. Without ability to flag such attributes, it would be impossible to express all intents carefully.

I understand Daan’s concern about overly broad use of “mandatory unknown” attributes, however I don’t believe possible misuse of a capability should lead to the removal of such capability altogether.

The issue of the minimum valid composite font is also interesting. Given that component fonts may not be present on the target system, it looks like the consumer already has to deal with the situation when a composite font doesn’t cover even a single character. In this case, the mandatory rule 4 doesn’t provide much value, and perhaps we should consider empty composite fonts valid as well.

Please let me know your thoughts on these issues, and best regards,
Mikhail Leonov
Microsoft



From: mpeg-OTspec at yahoogroups.com [mailto:mpeg-OTspec at yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Ken Lunde
Sent: Wednesday, August 05, 2009 1:36 PM
To: mpeg-OTspec at yahoogroups.com
Subject: [mpeg-OTspec] Re: Proposed mandatory and optional features of the Composite Font format



daan,

I find myself in complete agreement with you.

-- Ken

On 2009/08/05, at 11:39, Daniel Strebe wrote:

>
> Vladimir and colleagues:
>
> I do not object to parts of the specification being mandatory. In
> particular if a consumer cannot even properly parse a recipe then it
> has no business calling itself a composite font consumer. My
> objection is to providing for a creator to deem portions of its
> recipe to be “mandatory”. So far I am unable to invent
> scenarios where that is useful or even meaningful.
>
> With regard to (a) below, I do not see how an incomplete
> implementation of a consumer creates incompatibilities. It is the
> recipes that must adhere to the specification in order to prevent
> incompatibilities. Certainly text laid out by means of
> Consumer A’s implementation may not precisely match text laid
> out by Consumer B’s implementation because they differed in
> their ability to realize the intent of the recipe. But why is that
> the concern of this working group? We are not creating a
> specification for a page description language and surely we have no
> expectation that two different layout engines will yield identical
> results when using this composite font format. We do not even expect
> that when using OpenType fonts because far too much in layout
> depends on considerations external to fonts, let alone that the
> OpenType specification itself contains plenty of vagueness.
>
> I agree with the remainder of Vladimir’s comments.
>
> To summarize: Mandatory elements of the specification and of
> recipes created by it are orthogonal to creator-specified mandatory
> elements of a recipe. They should not be discussed together or
> confused with each other. I understand and accept mandatory elements
> in the specification (but think should be specified with parsimony).
> I cannot see any meaning in creator-designated mandatory elements. I
> don’t imagine I’ve thought of everything, though, so I
> am open to convincing arguments.
>
> Regards,
> ― daan Strebe
>
>
> On 09/08/05 8:11, "Levantovsky, Vladimir" <vladimir.levantovsky at monotypeimaging.com <mailto:vladimir.levantovsky%40monotypeimaging.com>
> > wrote:
>
>
>
>
>
> Dear Ken, all,
>
> I suggest that in an attempt to define the mandatory and optional
> parts of the Composite Fonts solution we should consider the
> following:
> a) Given a complete freedom, consumers would likely implement
> support for only a limited subset of elements and attributes *they*
> consider useful and/or practical, which may cause most of the
> composite font implementations be incompatible with each other.
> Thus, the definition of mandatory and optional elements of the
> Composite Font specification should be viewed as a mean to insure
> certain interoperability level(s) between different implementations.
>
> b) Specifying a set of mandatory and optional elements and
> attributes defines the “toolset” that is available for
> producers of a Composite Font. It gives them a valuable information
> about the tools they can rely on (i.e. mandatory elements and
> attributes that are guaranteed to be supported by any
> implementation) and the tools that producers may consider using, but
> without an explicit guarantee that all implementations would be able
> to support them.
>
> c) It is typical that some levels of granularity may be
> necessary to define optional components. The practice that is widely
> accepted by many standards organization is to signify support for
> different elements and attributes using at least three levels where
>
> - Mandatory parts are defined using terms MUST (MUST NOT) or
> SHALL (SHALL NOT), and define the concepts or tools that have to be
> supported unconditionally to insure the required level(s) or
> interoperability between different implementations;
>
> - Recommended parts are defined using terms SHOULD (SHOULD
> NOT) and define the concepts or tools that are considered very
> useful and even necessary for implementations to support, although
> it is recognized that supporting these parts of the spec may place
> an additional burden on implementations. The implied meaning
> of “SHOULD” in the spec language is that support for a
> particular item is strongly recommended but implementations may
> choose to not implement for good reason.
>
> - Optional parts are defined using terms MAY (MAY NOT) and
> indicate parts that are truly optional.
>
> For formal definitions of these terms and their meaning please see
> RFC 2119 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt).
>
> I would like to emphasize it once again that the sole purpose of
> specifying mandatory, recommended and optional elements and
> attributes is to insure certain level of interoperability between
> different consumer implementation, and to enable producers employ a
> limited toolset that they can rely on to always be supported by
> different implementations.
>
> I agree with Daan that giving the ability for creators to specify
> what elements (and/or attributes) of a particular recipe *they* feel
> are mandatory isn’t going to be useful if implementation is
> simply incapable of supporting a particular element. However, while
> I agree that we as the owners of specification do not have any
> practical ability to “enforce” the
> “mandatory” parts, it is generally accepted
> standardization practice that only those implementations that
> support all mandatory parts of the specification may call themselves
> compliant. Sometimes, additional conformance requirements are
> specified (e.g. as is the case with OFF standard) where multiple
> conformance levels can be defined that also include recommended or
> optional parts. In this case, a compliant implementation must
> implement some optional parts of the spec to be conformant.
>
> Best regards,
> Vladimir
>
>
>
> From: mpeg-OTspec at yahoogroups.com <mailto:mpeg-OTspec%40yahoogroups.com>  [mailto:mpeg-
> OTspec at yahoogroups.com <mailto:OTspec%40yahoogroups.com> ] On Behalf Of Ken Lunde
> Sent: Tuesday, August 04, 2009 1:19 PM
> To: mpeg-OTspec at yahoogroups.com <mailto:mpeg-OTspec%40yahoogroups.com>
> Subject: Re: [mpeg-OTspec] Proposed mandatory and optional features
> of the Composite Font format
>
>
>
> daan,
>
> I will be interested to hear what ideas others have with regard to the
> notion of mandatory. In the end, I think that the sole purpose of
> mandatory is to describe the conditions under which a Composite Font
> cannot function. The format itself can describe some aspects of this,
> such as the requirement to include at least one <ComponentFont>
> instance, but there may be value in giving some of this power to the
> creator. But, I agree that this can become the proverbial rope that
> can be used to hang oneself, meaning that it can be abused if not used
> wisely.
>
> Also, while we are on the topic of the format and syntax, one strong
> suggestion that I'd like to relay to the AHG is that the XML use a
> namespace. This comes from someone else at Adobe, and I second the
> recommendation.
>
> Regards...
>
> -- Ken
>
> On 2009/07/30, at 18:39, Daniel Strebe wrote:
>
> >
> >
> > Mikhail:
> >
> > Thank you for the thoughtful proposals. I agree with Ken
> > Lunde’s responses (so I will not echo them) with the
> exception
> > of this matter:
> >
> > Before drilling into exact syntax of such properties, I would like
> > to discuss one particular issue. I believe some of the optional
> > properties can be safely ignored by the composite font consumers
> > without breaking the intent of the composite font producer, while
> > other optional properties should cause the consumers unable to honor
> > their semantics to skip containing elements entirely.
> >
> > I do not think the specification should give creators authority that
> > can be so easily thwarted. Many consumers will choose to
> > ignore “mandatory” directives because those directives
> > do not suit their purposes. Meanwhile providing a mechanism to
> > specify mandatory elements will merely encourage “control-
> > freak” creators to mark everything in sight
> > “mandatory”. Neither we, as the owner of the
> > specification, nor the creator, whose intent is expressed by the
> > recipe, has any practical ability to “enforce” what is
> > called “mandatory”. Should we not stick with the
> policy
> > that anything stated in the recipe expresses the creator’s
> > intent? And that elements absent in the recipe signal no particular
> > intent? A mandatory signal is redundant, and redundancies are to be
> > avoided, if for no other reason than that a consumer will digest a
> > recipe and immediately find itse! lf confused over elements present
> > but not marked mandatory. Are the unmarked elements actually
> > optional? If so, why are they present?
> >
> > Instead of a “mandatory” flag, should we not allow the
> > producer to rank elements according to how important they are? How
> > is “mandatory” versus not mandatory anything more than
> > a polarized ranking of “not so important” to
> > “critical”? And once we ask that question, can we not
> > see that the creator cannot assess the needs of the consumer and
> > really ought not to be trying? The creator can state its intent
> > already without assigning metrics of gravity to the elements. Its
> > own intent is all it knows. The consumer knows how well it can honor
> > that intent and is obliged to honor it to the extent that it can.
> > Surely no one’s legitimate interests are served by handing
> > creators a mechanism for bullying consumers into rejecting what
> > might be a perfectly serviceable interpretation of a recipe just
> > because the creator suffers delusions of power.
> >
> > I think we should analyze explicit scenarios that require the
> > “mandatory” mechanism before we inject it into the
> > specification. I would be very surprised if we found any scenarios
> > that really benefit from it.
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > ― daan Strebe
> > Senior Computer Scientist
> > Adobe Systems Incorporated
> >
> >
> > On 09/07/29 22:42, "Mikhail Leonov" <mleonov at microsoft.com <mailto:mleonov%40microsoft.com>  <mailto:mleonov%40microsoft.com
> > > wrote:
> >
> >
> > Hi everyone,
> > I would like to provide an update on mandatory and optional elements
> > in the composite font format.
> >
> > First, some background. During phone conference meetings that
> > preceded the formal creation of this working group, parties involved
> > concluded that, due to the diversity of font handling platforms and
> > programming interfaces in the industry, it was not practically
> > feasible to agree on a single predefined set of composite font
> > elements and properties that would express existing font selection
> > models and approaches. Instead, it was recommended to give composite
> > font producers and consumers flexibility to introduce optional
> > properties that wouldn't necessarily be used or even understood by
> > all conformant consumers. At the same time, semantics of such
> > properties should be defined as clearly as possible, so that an
> > implementation that chooses to suport them can do so in a way
> > compatible with other consumers and producers.
> >
> > In addition to such optional properties, there are core pieces of
> > the composite font format that conforming implementations must
> > interpret correctly to provide the minimum degree of
> interoperability.
> >
> > The purpose of this email is to start creating a list of mandatory
> > and optional features in the composite font format.
> >
> > The format is assumed to be based on the latest composite font
> > syntax proposal uploaded to this AHG discussion list by Ken Lunde.
> > Since I don't recall us discussing the root element mandated by the
> > XML specification, I propose introducing a root element called
> > CompositeFont.
> >
> > Here is a complete composite font file that prescribes the consumer
> > to use font "Times New Roman" for all Unicode characters and all
> > languages:
> >
> > <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
> > <CompositeFont>
> > <ComponentFont Target="Times New Roman"/>
> > </CompositeFont>
> >
> > I propose that a conforming composite font consumer must:
> > 1. Recognize and parse basic XML structure as outlined above,
> > including the standard XML header and the root element
> CompositeFont.
> > 2. Reject composite font files that violate the standard XML
> > specification.
> > 3. Recognize, parse, and interpret all possible valid values for the
> > following elements and attributes (these elements and attributes are
> > furthermore called mandatory):
> > a) ComponentFont element and its Target attribute. The
> > interpretation of the Target attribute value is allowed to vary
> > between consumers depending on the target environment font grouping
> > model. For example, a consumer may be using OpenType Preferred
> > names, Win32 names, Postscript names, WWS names, or some other font
> > selection model that may not even be OpenType based. However, the
> > consumer must use a font model that supports at least one font
> > format and assigns name values to font files that conform to
> > supported font formats. In addition, the consumer must parse comma-
> > separator characters that can be used to separate multiple font
> > names inside one Target attribute value, omit leading and trailing
> > whitespace characters from font name values, and honor the escape
> > sequence that encodes the comma character itself if it appears as a
> > part of the font name. I propose double comma ",," as an escape
> > mechanism for such cases.
> > b) Encoding element and its Target and Original attributes. These
> > are described in Ken Lunde's email, and I won't repeat the semantics
> > here. Similar to the Target attribute semantics, the interpretation
> > of Unicode characters supported by a font may vary depending on the
> > target environment font model. For example, a consumer may prefer
> > one cmap table format to another. However, the consumer must use a
> > font model that provides an ability to obtain Unicode coverage for
> > all supported font formats.
> > c) Language element and its Target attribute. I would like to
> > change the Target attribute values from the original definition
> > provided by Ken, which used ISO 639-2/T language codes, to a
> > definition that uses IETF language tags, as specified by RFC 4646.
> > The key difference is ability to differentiate between multiple
> > character sets for the same language, for example Simplified Chinese
> > ("zh-Hans") vs. Traditional Chinese ("zh-Hant"). The conforming
> > implementation must properly match language tags. There is a couple
> > of interesting corner cases here that I would like to discuss in
> > more detail - exact rules for matching language tags that are
> > related to each other, and handling of empty language tags and cases
> > where the language infomation is not available to the font selection
> > algorithm.
> > 4. Reject composite font files that don't contain at least one
> > ComponentFont elements.
> > 5. Interpret composite font elements in the order they appear in the
> > font file.
> >
> > In addition to the mandatory elements and attributes described
> > above, there is a large group of elements and attributes that are
> > considered optional, such as scale, common baseline and height
> > metrics, the display name of the composite font itself, font style
> > coercion, digital signature enforcement, optical size, required font
> > version, font checksum validation, and others.
> >
> > Before drilling into exact syntax of such properties, I would like
> > to discuss one particular issue. I believe some of the optional
> > properties can be safely ignored by the composite font consumers
> > without breaking the intent of the composite font producer, while
> > other optional properties should cause the consumers unable to honor
> > their semantics to skip containing elements entirely. An example of
> > the former class is handling of Scale attribute of the ComponentFont
> > entry on platforms that don't support font scaling. An example of
> > the latter class is required font version range. If the consumer is
> > unable to extract a version from the font, then it is unable to
> > honor the producer intent, and a font entry should arguably be
> > skipped altogether. I propose that the composite font format should
> > contain provisions that enable consumers to tell whether
> > encountering an unknown attribute should cause the element it
> > belongs! to to be ignored or not.
> >
> > Please note that the proposals above are by no means final, and any
> > suggestions, corrections and additions are very welcome.
> >
> > Thanks in advance, and best regards,
> > Mikhail Leonov
> > Microsoft
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
>





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